
Molding Innovations: PLA vs ABS in 3D Printing
Key Takeaways
Aspect | Details |
---|---|
Material Properties | PLA is lighter, more rigid, but brittle. ABS is denser, offering better impact resistance and flexibility. |
Industry Applications | PLA is widely used in food packaging and healthcare, while ABS is preferred in automotive, electronics, and manufacturing sectors. |
Advantages and Disadvantages | PLA: Biodegradable, easy to use, and odorless; less durable. ABS: Durable, heat-resistant, and flexible; has complex printing needs and environmental impact. |
Finishing Touches | Both materials require post-processing for enhanced aesthetics and functionality. Techniques vary based on the material’s properties and intended use. |
3D printing, a term that has become synonymous with innovation and customization, is a technology that has revolutionized various industries, from healthcare to manufacturing. This additive manufacturing process allows for the creation of complex structures layer by layer, offering unparalleled flexibility in design and production. The success of any 3D printing project often hinges on one crucial factor: the choice of material.
Enter Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), two of the most popular materials in 3D printing. Both have their unique sets of properties, advantages, and limitations. PLA is often lauded for its biodegradability and ease of use, making it the choice for 3D printing beginners. On the other hand, ABS is known for its durability and heat resistance, often used in large industrial 3D printing and automotive parts.
Choosing the right 3D printing material cannot be overlooked. Whether you’re getting started with 3D printing or are a seasoned professional, the material you choose will significantly impact the quality, durability, and functionality of the printed object. It’s not just about aesthetics; it’s about purpose and performance.
The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive comparison between PLA vs ABS. We’ll delve into their material properties, common applications, pros and cons, and practical considerations to give you a clear picture of what each material offers. So, whether you’re pondering how to get started in 3D printing or are looking to optimize your existing setup, this article aims to be your definitive guide.

Melting Points and Price Points: A Deep Dive into PLA vs ABS 3D Printing
Material properties can make or break your 3d printing projects. Whether you’re a hobbyist or a seasoned professional, understanding these properties is crucial.
Density and Mechanical Properties
PLA generally has a lighter density, ranging from 1.24 to 1.27 g/cm³, making it ideal for applications where weight is a concern. ABS, on the other hand, has a density of 1.01 to 1.21 g/cm³ and offers greater impact resistance. According to Young’s Modulus, PLA scores higher, indicating more rigidity but also more brittleness. ABS offers a balanced profile, with good tensile strength and flexibility, suitable for parts that need to withstand mechanical stress.
Melting Temperature and Heat Resistance
Melting temperature is a pivotal factor when considering PLA vs ABS 3D printing. PLA has a lower melting temperature, ranging from 356 to 428°F, making it easier to print but less heat-resistant. ABS requires a higher melting temperature, between 410 and 482°F, which provides better heat resistance but also necessitates a heated bed for optimal printing.
Cost Considerations
When calculating 3D printing materials cost, PLA generally comes out as the less expensive option. This is partly because PLA is derived from renewable resources like cornstarch, whereas ABS is petroleum-based. The cost difference can be significant, especially for large-scale projects, making PLA a more budget-friendly choice.
Comparison Table
Property | PLA | ABS |
---|---|---|
Density (g/cm³) | 1.24 – 1.27 | 1.01 – 1.21 |
Young’s Modulus (GPa) | Higher | Lower |
Melting Temperature (°F) | 356 – 428 | 410 – 482 |
Heat Resistance | Lower | Higher |
Cost | Generally Lower | Generally Higher |
The choice between ABS vs PLA boils down to your project’s specific needs. If you’re looking for a lightweight, rigid material with a lower environmental impact, PLA is the choice. If your project demands durability, flexibility, and heat resistance, ABS is the more suitable option. For a more in-depth look into problems that arise from incorrect material choice or maladjusted machinery, see our page on 3D Printing Troubleshooting to work out the finer points of printing disasters.

What is the main difference between PLA and ABS in terms of environmental impact?
PLA is derived from renewable resources like cornstarch, making it more environmentally friendly. ABS is petroleum-based, which has a higher environmental impact.
Why would someone choose ABS over PLA for a 3D printing project?
ABS offers greater durability, flexibility, and heat resistance, making it suitable for projects that require these characteristics.
How do the melting temperatures of PLA and ABS affect the printing process?
PLA has a lower melting temperature (356-428°F), making it easier to print but less heat-resistant. ABS requires a higher melting temperature (410-482°F), providing better heat resistance but also necessitating a heated bed for optimal printing.
Healthcare to Hot Rods: Applications of PLA and ABS
The versatility of 3D printing extends to the materials used. Both PLA and ABS have carved out their own niches in various industries, each offering specific advantages that make them the requisite material for certain applications.
Industries and PLA
PLA is predominantly used in the food industry, healthcare, and consumer goods. Its biodegradability makes it a popular choice for food packaging and disposable cutlery. In healthcare, it’s often used for biocompatible applications like surgical implants. In consumer goods, PLA is commonly used for toys, decorative items, and even clothing.
Industries and ABS
ABS, on the other hand, is a staple in the automotive and electronics industries. Its high-impact resistance and durability make it ideal for car parts, electronic housings, and even musical instruments. ABS is also prevalent in 3D printing in manufacturing, where its strength and heat resistance are highly valued.
Specific Applications
In more specific applications of 3D printing, PLA and ABS have their own strong suits. PLA is often used for prototypes and models that don’t require high strength or temperature resistance. Its ease of use and lower melting point make it a go-to for beginners and educational settings. ABS is more suited for functional parts and prototypes that will be exposed to high stress or temperatures. Its durability and flexibility make it ideal for gears, connectors, and other mechanical components.
Comparison
Industry | PLA Applications | ABS Applications |
---|---|---|
Food & Healthcare | Packaging, Implants | N/A |
Automotive & Electronics | N/A | Car Parts, Housings |
Consumer Goods | Toys, Decor | Musical Instruments |
Manufacturing | Prototypes | Functional Parts |
The choice between PLA and ABS should be dictated by the specific needs of your project. Whether you’re looking to create a simple model or a functional part that can withstand the rigors of daily use, understanding the applications of each material can guide you to the right choice.

Can PLA be used for medical applications?
Yes, PLA is often used for biocompatible applications such as surgical implants due to its biodegradability.
Why is ABS commonly used in the automotive industry?
ABS offers high-impact resistance and durability, making it ideal for car parts that need to withstand stress and high temperatures.
Are there any industries where both PLA and ABS are commonly used?
Both materials find use in the consumer goods industry but for different applications. PLA is often used for toys and decor, while ABS is used for more durable items like 3d printed musical instruments.
Weighing the Scales: The Pros and Cons of PLA and ABS
The 3D printing material you choose can significantly impact the quality, functionality, and sustainability of your project. Both PLA and ABS come with their own set of advantages and disadvantages, which we’ll explore in this section.
Advantages of PLA
- Biodegradable: Derived from renewable resources like cornstarch or sugarcane, PLA is biodegradable and considered more environmentally friendly.
- Ease of Use: With a lower melting point, PLA is easier to print, making it ideal for beginners.
- Odorless: Unlike ABS, PLA does not emit a strong odor during printing.
Advantages of ABS
- Durability: ABS is known for its high impact resistance, making it ideal for functional parts.
- Heat Resistance: With a higher melting point, ABS can withstand higher temperatures.
- Flexibility: ABS is more flexible than PLA, which can be advantageous for specific applications.
Disadvantages of PLA
- Limited Durability: PLA is not as durable as ABS, making it less suitable for high-stress applications.
- Low Heat Resistance: PLA can deform at high temperatures.
Disadvantages of ABS
- Complex Printing Requirements: ABS often requires a heated bed and well-ventilated area due to its higher melting point and fumes.
- Environmental Impact: Being petroleum-based, ABS is not biodegradable and has a higher environmental footprint.
Environmental Considerations
When it comes to environmental considerations in the pros and cons 3D printing, PLA clearly has the upper hand due to its biodegradability. ABS, while recyclable, is not biodegradable and is derived from fossil fuels, contributing to its environmental impact.
Comparison Table
Aspect | PLA Advantages | ABS Advantages | PLA Disadvantages | ABS Disadvantages |
---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental Impact | Biodegradable | Recyclable | N/A | Non-biodegradable |
Ease of Use | Lower melting point | Higher heat resistance | Lower durability | Complex printing needs |
Functionality | Odorless | Durable & Flexible | Low heat resistance | Fumes |
PLA vs ABS should be carefully considered based on your project’s specific needs and environmental considerations. Both materials offer distinct advantages and disadvantages that can influence your decision.

Is PLA really environmentally friendly?
While PLA is biodegradable and derived from renewable resources, the industrial composting process it requires is not universally available. So, it’s eco-friendly but with caveats.
Can ABS be recycled?
Yes, ABS is recyclable. However, the process is not as straightforward as recycling common materials like aluminum or paper, and not all recycling facilities accept it.
Which material is better for outdoor use?
ABS is generally better for outdoor use due to its higher heat resistance and durability. PLA can degrade over time when exposed to the elements.
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Print Bed to Showroom: Finishing Touches for PLA and ABS
Choosing between 3D printing PLA and ABS is just the tip of the iceberg. There are several practical considerations to keep in mind, from print settings to post-processing, that can influence the success of your 3d project.
Print Settings
Temperature:
- PLA: The PLA 3D printing temperature typically ranges from 180 to 220°C (356 to 428°F). A heated bed is not a necessity but can be set between 20 and 60°C (68 to 140°F) if available.
- ABS: ABS requires a higher temperature, usually between 210 to 250°C (410 to 482°F), and a heated bed set to around 80 to 110°C (176 to 230°F).
Print Speed:
- PLA: Generally, PLA can be printed at higher speeds due to its lower melting point.
- ABS: ABS usually requires a slower print speed to ensure proper layer adhesion and to prevent warping.
Post-Processing and Finishing
PLA:
- Sanding and Painting: PLA parts can be sanded and painted for a smoother finish.
- Epoxy Coating: An epoxy coating can add a glossy finish and additional strength.
ABS:
- Acetone Smoothing: ABS can be smoothed using an acetone vapor bath, giving it a glossy finish.
- Sanding and Priming: ABS is also amenable to sanding and can be primed and painted.
Comparison Table
Aspect | PLA Settings | ABS Settings | PLA Finishing | ABS Finishing |
---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature | 180 to 220°C (356 to 428°F) | 210 to 250°C (410 to 482°F) | Sanding & Painting | Acetone Smoothing |
Print Speed | Faster | Slower | Epoxy Coating | Sanding & Priming |
Heated Bed | Optional (20 to 60°C / 68 to 140°F) | Required (80 to 110°C / 176 to 230°F) | N/A | N/A |
Your 3D printing finishing options will vary depending on whether you choose PLA or ABS. Both materials offer unique advantages and challenges that should be considered to achieve the desired outcome with your 3d printing setup. For more creative ideas, see our page about Painting & Airbrushing 3D Prints.

What’s the ideal PLA 3D printing temperature?
The ideal temperature for PLA ranges from 180 to 220°C (356 to 428°F). However, this can vary depending on the specific brand and color of the filament.
Can ABS be smoothed without using chemicals?
While acetone vapor smoothing is popular for ABS, you can also achieve a good finish through sanding and priming.
Is a heated bed necessary for PLA?
A heated bed is optional for PLA and can be set between 20 and 60°C (68 to 140°F) if available. It can help with bed adhesion but is not a strict requirement.

Weighing your options of ABS vs PLA is a pivotal decision that can significantly impact the outcome of your projects. Both materials have their unique sets of properties, applications, and practical considerations, making them suitable for different scenarios.
PLA is generally easier to work with, making it an excellent choice for those wondering how to start 3D printing. It’s biodegradable, has a lower melting point, and doesn’t require a heated bed, making it a go-to for 3D printing beginners. Its lower heat resistance and strength make it less suitable for applications requiring durability.
ABS, on the other hand, offers higher heat resistance and strength but comes with its own set of challenges, such as the need for a heated bed and well-ventilated space due to fumes. It’s more suited for functional parts and prototypes that need to withstand higher temperatures and stress.
Simply put, If you’re a beginner in the 3D printing world, PLA is a more forgiving material to start with. For those looking to manufacture parts that will be subjected to higher stress and temperatures, ABS is your material of choice. See out favorite Top Three 3D Printers here.
The journey from filament spool to finished product is a winding road filled with choices that can make an artful project or a 3d printing disaster. Understanding the pros and cons of PLA and ABS will equip you with the knowledge to make informed decisions, setting the stage for successful 3D printing endeavors.
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